2009年11月27日 星期五

tableau, pump and tub

《永恆的日記──每一天的音樂》 (A Musical Book of Days: A Perpetual Diary)


Saint François d'Assise is an opera in three acts and eight scenes by French composer and librettist Olivier Messiaen, written from 1975 to 1983. It concerns Saint Francis of Assisi, the title character, and displays the composer's devout Catholicism. The world première took place in Paris on November 28, 1983.
其怪的是 牛津大學出版社的書 都說初演是12月 3 acts, 8 tableaux

Director Lone Scherfig does a fine job of painting a tableau of a conservative society as the residents struggle with the rumor of a male streaker in their midst.
Little Giant 566760 Verdigris Calabria Fountain 566760
Calabria Fountain This Italian-style fountain and tub features a hand-finished, weathered verdigris appearance. Water streams continuously into the oval tub from the authentic-looking hand pump. The tub is decorated with classic Latin designs.25"L x 17"W x 28TVerdigris in color



A Pump and Tub.

The pump and tub is a piece of furniture that can be built in the Kitchen of a player-owned house with the Construction skill. Players can, using an empty bucket or other such item, receive water from the pump and tub.

Building a pump and tub requires at least 27 Construction and 10 Steel bars.






大戰狄更斯三百回合:《尼古拉斯 尼克爾貝》緣

2003 年讀到王辛笛家翻譯*狄更斯《尼古拉斯 尼克爾貝》** 之故事。

2006 年元月買到它。

前天瑞麟兄介紹(tableau n. - 生動的場面, 戲劇性局面。日本語 (Japanese) :n. - 絵画, 活人画, 絵画的な描写, 印象的な配列。 此字answers.com資料和圖片俱全,值得參考。)
他舉了一例,標明【待譯】:我就找出杜南星和徐文綺合譯本相應的部分。


There was a round of applause every time he spoke. And when, at last, in the pump-and-tub scene, Mrs Grudden lighted the blue fire, and all the unemployed members of the company came in, and tumbled down in various directions--not because that had anything to do with the plot, but in order to finish off with a tableau--the audience (who had by this time increased considerably) gave vent to such a shout of enthusiasm as had not been heard in those walls for many and many a day.
Source: Charles Dickens : « The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby » Chapter 24

他的神氣、他的身形、他的步態、他的眼光、他的每句話和每個動作,都受到贊揚。他一開口,就來一陣喝彩。最後,就是有水泵和洗衣盆的那一場,格拉敦太太點著了藍色的火,剛才未上場的劇團成員全體出台,大摔跟頭,方向各各不同 這跟劇情毫無關係,只是用個熱鬧場面作結罷了 全場觀眾(此時又增加了不少)熱情大喊大叫,是這個劇場裡好多好多天以來不曾聽見過的。

-----

rl 回信;謝謝to rl 那段譯文,我會把前一句原文也補上。

----*

「辛笛的生活要是沒有文綺照料的話,就不太有規律,他總是不記得準時吃藥,有一頓沒一頓的,他的糖尿病在 "文革 "結束後又復發了。每天早上文綺把他要吃的藥放在小瓶蓋子裏,倒好了開水,督促他服用,多少年來如一日,直到文綺自己病得再也無法行動為止。每當限制他吃甜食時,他就發牢騷說: "不能吃糖,那活著多沒勁!再不吃點甜的,我都要低血糖了! "所以文綺善解人意,也會網開一面,隔一段時間讓他解解饞。


早在 "文革" 結束後,上海譯文出版社就有計劃準備出一套狄更斯文集,約請辛笛翻譯其中一部七十餘萬字的長篇小說《尼古拉斯 尼克爾貝》。繁忙的社會活動使辛笛遲遲無法坐下來開展譯事。於是他建議,由杜南星與他兩人合譯此書。
  南星的譯事進展得很快,而辛笛仍然隻字未譯。文綺看在眼裏,急在心裏。於是她提出自己來譯,請辛笛校對,這樣進度可以快些。對辛笛來說,這個提議正中下懷。
  從此,文綺每天忙完家務,就坐在她的小桌前,一段一段地翻譯,先寫在小紙片上,斟酌修改後再清清楚楚地謄寫在稿紙上。就這樣,日積月累,終於在八十年代末完成。而南星在此之前早已完成了前一半譯稿,並寄至上海。辛笛大病一場後,居家調養,他為文綺堅持不懈的精神所感動,也奮力參加了全書的校譯工作,在 1990年秋將南星和文綺分別翻譯兩部分的譯稿通校了一遍,並寫了長篇譯本序《漫談狄更斯的魅力》,譯稿及序在九十年代初交到了出版社,於 1998年出版。

辛笛很珍視這段日子: "這時,我們兩人共同感到的快慰,不止是在生活而且是在同一工作當中,兩個人的生命河流匯合得更加美好無間,漸漸地,河流變寬了,河岸擴展了,河水流得更平穩了,我們在老境中重新獲得了青春般的喜悅,再沒有時間去留意衰老了。 "」(王聖思 文學報200310 23

詩人伉儷情深 http://www.chinawriter.org/zjljl/zjys/zjys000060.asp

我花了幾年功夫寫成的《智慧是用水寫成的——辛笛傳》清樣出來後,每天讀給母親文綺聽。讀完徵求她的意見,她微微一笑,輕聲說:"你寫的比我現在記得的更全面。" 2003 930 日下午5 05她在平靜和安詳中溘然長逝。

  謹以此文懷念我的母親徐文綺,願她永遠活在父親辛笛的詩中和我們的心裏。

   20031012

---** 這本最早林紓先生翻譯為『滑稽外史』

The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, (or Nicholas Nickleby for short) is a comic novel of Charles Dickens. Originally published as a serial from 1838 to 1839, it was Dickens' third novel.

The lengthy novel centres around the life and adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, a young man who must support his mother and sister after his father dies. His Uncle Ralph, who thinks Nicholas will never amount to anything, plays the role of an antagonist.

Like nearly all of Dickens' works, the novel has a contemporary setting. Much of the action takes place in London, with the exception of several chapters taking place in Dickens' hometown of Portsmouth, as well as settings in Yorkshire and Devon.

The tone of the work is burlesque, with Dickens taking aim at what he perceives to be social injustices. Many memorable characters are introduced, including Nicholas' malevolent uncle Ralph, and the villainous Wackford Squeers, who operates a squalid boarding school at which Nicholas temporarily serves as a tutor.

While some consider the book to be among the finest works of 19th century comedy, Nicholas Nickleby is occasionally criticized for its lack of character development. It has been adapted for stage, film or television at least seven times. Perhaps the most extraordinary version was produced in 1980 when a large-scale stage production of the novel was produced by David Edgar with music by Stephen Oliver . It was a theatrical experience which lasted more than ten hours with intermissions and a dinner break. It was first performed by the Royal Shakespeare Company and later recorded for television. Many of the actors played multiple roles because of the huge number of characters.


Source: Thomas Hardy : « Tess of the d'Urbervilles » A Pure Woman Chapter XXXV
"O Tess, forgiveness does not apply to the case! You were one person; now you are another. My God--how can forgiveness meet such a grotesque--prestidigitation as that!"
【rl譯】:
湯瑪斯‧哈代:《黛絲姑娘》第三十五章──「喔!黛絲,

在這種情況下不適合用寬恕唷!過去妳是一種人;現在妳已經是另一種人了。天哪!寬恕怎可以用在這種怪誕的事情上?這簡直是像在變魔術!」

regale
Source: Charles Dickens : « Oliver Twist Or The Parish Boy's Progress » Chapter XXX
There were assembled, in that lower house of the domestic parliament, the women-servants, Mr. Brittles, Mr. Giles, the tinker (who had received a special invitation to regale himself for the remainder of the day, in consideration of his services), and the constable. The latter gentleman had a large staff, a large head, large features, and large half-boots; and he looked as if he had been taking a proportionate allowance of ale--as indeed he had.
【rl譯】:
狄更斯:《孤雛淚》第三十章──參加家庭議會下院集會的有一些女僕、布立托里斯先生、吉爾斯先生、補鍋匠(有人邀請他接受當天會後款待,以酬謝他的服務),以及那位警官。這位警察先生配有一枝大警棍、一顆大腦袋、大塊頭和一雙大半統靴;看起來好像他得到了比例相當的麥酒──的確也是如此。
Source: Jane Austen : « Mansfield Park » Chapter XLV
They had been long so arranged in the indulgence of her secret meditations, and nothing was more consolatory to her than to find her aunt using the same language: "I cannot but say I much regret your being from home at this distressing time, so very trying to my spirits. I trust and hope, and sincerely wish you may never be absent from home so long again," were most delightful sentences to her. Still, however, it was her private regale. Delicacy to her parents made her careful not to betray such a preference of her uncle's house.
【rl譯】:
珍‧奧斯汀:《曼斯菲爾莊園》第四十五章── ……然而,這畢竟是她個人的盛宴。體貼父母使得她小心翼翼地避免辜負這次優先選擇叔叔房子的機會。

scent
Source: Rudyard Kipling : « Captains Courageous » Chapter 5
Salters protested that this kind of yarn was desperately wicked, if not indeed positively blasphemous, but he listened as greedily as the others; and their criticisms at the end gave Harvey entirely new notions on "germans," clothes, cigarettes with gold-leaf tips, rings, watches, scent, small dinner-parties, champagne, card-playing, and hotel accommodation.
【rl譯】:
吉卜林:《怒海餘生》第五章──薩爾特抗議說,如果不是千真萬確的咒罵,這種故事實在極令人討厭,但是他卻和其他人一樣聽得津津有味;他們最後的批評讓哈維對「日耳曼舞」、衣著、金葉濾嘴香煙、戒指、手錶、香水、小型宴會、香檳、館設備等有了全新的看法。
Source: Leo Tolstoy : « Anna Karenina » Part 6 Chapter 12
"Well, if that's what he wishes, I'll do it, but I can't answer for myself now," she thought, and darted forward as fast as her legs would carry her between the thick bushes. She scented nothing now; she could only see and hear, without understanding anything.
【rl譯】:
托爾斯泰:《安娜‧卡列尼娜》第六部第十二章──「那麼,如果他希望如此,我會去辦,但是現在我不能負責。」她心裡想,盡快地衝進草叢。她什麼也聞不到,只能看和聽,什麼也不知道。


En.
tableau n. - 生動的場面, 戲劇性局面


日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 絵画, 活人画, 絵画的な描写, 印象的な配列

Source: Charles Dickens : « The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby » Chapter 24
There was a round of applause every time he spoke. And when, at last, in the pump-and-tub scene, Mrs Grudden lighted the blue fire, and all the unemployed members of the company came in, and tumbled down in various directions--not because that had anything to do with the plot, but in order to finish off with a tableau--the audience (who had by this time increased considerably) gave vent to such a shout of enthusiasm as had not been heard in those walls for many and many a day.
【待譯】:

他的神氣、他的身形、他的步態、他的眼光、他的每句話和每個動作,都受到贊揚。他一開口,就來一陣喝彩。最後,就是有水泵和洗衣盆的那一場,格拉敦太太點著了藍色的火,剛才未上場的劇團成員全體出台,大摔跟頭,方向各各不同 這跟劇情毫無關係,只是用個熱鬧場面作結罷了 全場觀眾(此時又增加了不少)熱情大喊大叫,是這個劇場裡好多好多天以來不曾聽見過的。

杜南星 徐文綺譯




tab·leau (tăb'lō', tă-blō')
n., pl. tab·leaux or tab·leaus (tăb'lōz', tă-blōz').
A vivid or graphic description: The movie was a tableau of a soldier's life.
A striking incidental scene, as of a picturesque group of people: "New public figures suddenly abound in the hitherto faceless totalitarian tableaux" (John McLaughlin).
An interlude during a scene when all the performers on stage freeze in position and then resume action as before.
A tableau vivant.
[French, from Old French tablel, diminutive of table, surface prepared for painting. See table.]

Tableaux Vivant or Tableau Vivant (or sometimes simply Tableau), is French for "living picture". It describes a striking group of suitably costumed artist's models, carefully posed and often theatrically lit. The people shown do not speak or move. The approach thus marries the art forms of the stage with those of painting/photography, and as such it has been of interest to modern photographers.

On a stage
Before radio, film and television, they were popular forms of entertainment. Before the age of colour reproduction of images the tableaux vivant was sometimes used to recreate paintings "on stage", based on an etching or sketch of the painting. This could be done as an amateur venture in a drawing room, or as a more professionally produced series of tableaux presented on a theatre stage, one following another, usually to tell a story without requiring all the usual trappings of a "live" theatre performance. They thus 'educated' their audience to understand the form taken by later Victorian and Edwardian era magic lantern shows, and perhaps also sequential narrative comic strips.

Since stage censorship often strictly forbade actresses to move when semi-nude on stage, tableaux also had a place in presenting erotic entertainment at private clubs (e.g.: the Windmill Theatre) and fairground sideshows. This was superceded by colour pornographic magazines from around the mid 1950s.




Source: William Makepeace Thackeray : « Vanity Fair » Chapter XV In Which Rebecca's Husband Appears for a Short Time
Every reader of a sentimental turn (and we desire no other) must have been pleased with the tableau with which the last act of our little drama concluded; for what can be prettier than an image of Love on his knees before Beauty?
【待譯】:

Source: O Henry : « The Four Million » By Courier
"Tell him that I entered the conservatory that evening from the rear, to cut a rose for my mother. Tell him I saw him and Miss Ashburton beneath the pink oleander. The tableau was pretty, but the pose and juxtaposition were too eloquent and evident to require explanation. I left the conservatory, and, at the same time, the rose and my ideal. You may carry that song and dance to your impresario."
【待譯】:


January 24, 2006

By NICHOLAS WADE
Among the many temptations of the digital age, photo-manipulation has proved particularly troublesome for science, and scientific journals are beginning to respond.

Some journal editors are considering adopting a test, in use at The Journal of Cell Biology, that could have caught the concocted images of the human embryonic stem cells made by Dr. Hwang Woo Suk.


concoct
━━


vt. 混ぜ合わせて作る, 調合する; でっち上げる, 仕組む.





At The Journal of Cell Biology, the test has revealed extensive manipulation of photos. Since 2002, when the test was put in place, 25 percent of all accepted manuscripts have had one or more illustrations that were manipulated in ways that violate the journal's guidelines, said Michael Rossner of Rockefeller University, the executive editor. The editor of the journal, Ira Mellman of Yale, said that most cases were resolved when the authors provided originals. "In 1 percent of the cases we find authors have engaged in fraud," he said.

The two editors recognized the likelihood that images were being improperly manipulated when the journal required all illustrations to be submitted in digital form. While reformatting illustrations submitted in the wrong format, Dr. Rossner realized that some authors had yielded to the temptation of Photoshop's image-changing tools to misrepresent the original data.

In some instances, he found, authors would remove bands from a gel, a test for showing what proteins are present in an experiment. Sometimes a row of bands would be duplicated and presented as the controls for a second experiment. Sometimes the background would be cleaned up, with Photoshop's rubber stamp or clone stamp tool, to make it prettier.

Some authors would change the contrast in an image to eliminate traces of a diagnostic stain that showed up in places where there shouldn't be one. Others would take images of cells from different experiments and assemble them as if all were growing on the same plate.

To prohibit such manipulations, Dr. Rossner and Dr. Mellman published guidelines saying, in effect, that nothing should be done to any part of an illustration that did not affect all other parts equally. In other words, it is all right to adjust the brightness or color balance of the whole photo, but not to obscure, move or introduce an element.

They started checking illustrations in accepted manuscripts by running them through Photoshop and adjusting the controls to see if new features appeared. This is the check that has shown a quarter of accepted manuscripts violate the journal's guidelines.

In the 1 percent of cases in which the manipulation is deemed fraudulent - a total of 14 papers so far - the paper is rejected. Revoking an accepted manuscript requires the agreement of four of the journal's officials. "In some cases we will even contact the author's institution and say, 'You should look into this because it was not kosher,' " Dr. Mellman said.

He and Dr. Rossner plan to add software tests being developed by Hani Farid, an applied mathematician at Dartmouth. With a grant from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which is interested in ways of authenticating digital images presented in court, Dr. Farid is devising algorithms to detect alterations.

His work has attracted interest from many people, he said, including eBay customers concerned about the authenticity of images, people answering personal ads, paranormal researchers studying ghostly emanations and science editors.

For the latter, Dr. Farid is developing a package of algorithms designed to spot specific types of image manipulation. When researchers seek to remove an object from an image, such as a band from a gel, they often hide it with a patch of nearby background. This involves a duplication of material, which may be invisible to the naked eye but can be detected by mathematical analysis.

If an object is enlarged beyond the proper resolution, Photoshop may generate extra pixels. If the object is rotated, another set of pixels is generated in a characteristic pattern.

An object introduced from another photo may have a different angle of illumination. The human eye is largely indifferent to changes in lighting, Dr. Farid said, but conflicting sources of illumination in a single image can be detected by computer analysis and are a sign of manipulation.

"At the end of the day you need math," Dr. Farid said. He hopes to have a set of tools available soon for beta-testing by Dr. Rossner.

Journals depend heavily on expert reviewers to weed out papers of poor quality. But as the Hwang case showed again, reviewers can do only so much. The defined role of reviewers is not to check for concocted data but to test whether a paper's conclusions follow from the data presented.

The screening test addresses an issue reviewers cannot easily tackle, that of whether the presented data accurately reflect the real data. Because journal editors now have the ability to perform this sort of quality control, "they should do it," Dr. Rossner said.

The scientific community has not yet come to grips with the temptations of image manipulation, Dr. Mellman said, and he would like to see other journals adopt the image-screening system, even though it takes 30 minutes a paper. "We are a poor university press," he said, without the large revenue enjoyed by journals such as Nature, Science and Cell. "If they can't bear this cost, something must be dreadfully wrong with their business models," he said.

Science, in fact, has adopted The Journal of Cell Biology's guidelines and has just started to apply the image-screening test to its own manuscripts. "Something like this is probably inevitable for most journals," said Katrina Kelner, a deputy editor of Science.

She became interested as a quality control measure, not because of the concocted papers of Dr. Hwang, two of which Science published. Dr. Mellman says the system would have caught at least the second of Dr. Hwang's fabrications, since it "popped out like a sore thumb" under the image screening test.

But other editors are less enthusiastic. Emilie Marcus, editor of Cell, said that she was considering the system, but that she believed in principle that the ethics of presenting true data should be enforced in a scientist's training, not by journal editors.

The problem of manipulated images, she said, arises from a generation gap between older scientists who set the ethical standards but don't understand the possibilities of Photoshop and younger scientists who generate a paper's data. Because the whole scientific process is based on trust, Dr. Marcus said: "Why say, 'We trust you, but not in this one domain?' And I don't favor saying, 'We don't trust you in any.' "

Rather than having journal editors acting as enforcers, she said, it may be better to thrust responsibility back to scientists, requiring the senior author to sign off that the images conform to the journal's guidelines.

Those guidelines, in her view, should be framed on behalf of the whole scientific community by a group like the National Academy of Sciences, and not by the fiat of individual editors.



2009年11月26日 星期四

Fagin

今天無意間發現小辭典都收 Fagin 辭條
所以可以 copy

Fagin (pronounced /ˈfeɪɡɪn/) is a fictional character who appears in the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist, referred to in the preface of the novel as a "receiver of stolen goods", but referred to more frequently within the actual story as the "merry old gentleman" or simply the "Jew".

Contents

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Character

Born in London, Fagin is described as "disgusting" to look at. He is the leader of a group of children, the Artful Dodger among them, whom he teaches to make their livings by pickpocketing and other criminal activities in exchange for a roof over their heads. At the time of the novel, he is said by another character, Monks, to have already made criminals out of "scores" of children who grow up to live—or die—committing the same crimes as adults. Bill Sikes, one of the major villains of the novel, is hinted to be one of Fagin's old pupils, and Nancy clearly was.

Whilst portrayed as relatively humorous, he is nonetheless a self-confessed miser who, despite the amount he has acquired over the years from the work of others, does very little to improve the squalid lives of the children he takes in, allowing them to smoke pipes and drink gin "with the air of middle-aged men". In the second chapter of his appearance, it is shown, albeit when talking to himself, that he cares less about those children who are eventually hanged for their crimes and more about the fact that they do not "peach" on him and the other children. Still darker sides to the character's nature are shown in when he beats the Artful Dodger for not bringing Oliver´s back making Charley cry for mercy and his attempted beating of Oliver for trying to escape after the thieves have kidnapped him, and in his own involvement with various plots and schemes throughout the story. He could also be said to be indirectly responsible for Nancy's death, due to his deliberately misinforming Sikes that she had betrayed him. Near the end of the book, Fagin is hanged following capture, in a chapter that portrays him as being pitiful in his anguish.

Historical basis

Dickens took Fagin's name from a friend he had known in his youth while working in a boot-blacking factory.[1]

Fagin's character was based on the criminal Ikey Solomon, who was a fence at the centre of a highly-publicised arrest, escape, recapture, and trial.[2][3] Some accounts of Solomon also describe him as a London underworld "kidsman". A kidsman was an adult who recruited children and trained them as pickpockets, exchanging food and shelter for goods the children stole. The popularity of Dickens' novel caused "kidsman" to be renamed "fagin" in some crime circles, or an adult who teaches minors to steal and keeps a major portion of the loot.

Antisemitism

Fagin is noted for being one of the few Jewish characters of 19th century literature, let alone any of Dickens's pieces. Fagin has been the subject of much debate over antisemitism both during Dickens's lifetime and up to modern times. In an introduction to a 1981 Bantam Books reissue of Oliver Twist, for example, Irving Howe wrote that Fagin was considered an "archetypical Jewish villain."[4] The first 38 chapters of the book refer to Fagin by his racial and religious origin 257 times, calling him "the Jew", with just 42 uses of "Fagin" or "the old man". In 2005, novelist Norman Lebrecht wrote that "A more vicious stigmatisation of an ethnic community could hardly be imagined and it was not by any means unintended."[5] Dickens claimed that he had made Fagin Jewish because "it unfortunately was true, of the time to which the story refers, that that class of criminal almost invariably was a Jew".[6] He also claimed that by calling Fagin a Jew he had meant no imputation against the Jewish faith, saying in a letter, "I have no feeling towards the Jews but a friendly one. I always speak well of them, whether in public or private, and bear my testimony (as I ought to do) to their perfect good faith in such transactions as I have ever had with them..."[7]

In later editions of the book printed during his lifetime, Dickens excised many of the references to Fagin's Jewishness. [8]

This occurred after Dickens sold his London home to a Jewish banker, James Davis in 1860, and became acquainted with him and his wife Eliza, who objected to the emphasis on Fagin's Jewishness in the novel. When he sold the house to them, Dickens allegedly told a friend, "The purchaser of Tavistock House will be a Jew Money-Lender" before later saying, "I must say that in all things the purchaser has behaved thoroughly well, and that I cannot call to mind any occasion when I have had moneydealings with anyone that has been so satisfactory, considerate and trusting."[5]

Dickens became friendly with Eliza, who told him in a letter in 1863 that Jews regarded his portrayal of Fagin a "great wrong" to their people. Dickens then started to revise Oliver Twist, removing all mention of "the Jew" from the last 15 chapters. Dickens later wrote in reply, "There is nothing but good will left between me and a People for whom I have a real regard and to whom I would not willfully have given an offence." In one of his final public readings in 1869, a year before his death, Dickens cleansed Fagin of all stereotypical caricature. A contemporary report observed, "There is no nasal intonation; a bent back but no shoulder-shrug: the conventional attributes are omitted."[7] [5]

In 1865, in Our Mutual Friend, Dickens created a number of Jewish characters, the most important being Mr Riah, an elderly Jew who finds jobs for downcast young women in Jewish-owned factories. One of the two heroines, Lizzie Hexam, defends her Jewish employers saying, "The gentleman certainly is a Jew, and the lady, his wife, is a Jewess, and I was brought to their notice by a Jew. But I think there cannot be kinder people in the world."[7]

The comic book creator Will Eisner, disturbed by the antisemitism in the typical depiction of the character, created a graphic novel in 2003 titled Fagin the Jew. In this book, the back story of the character and events of Oliver Twist are depicted from his point of view.

Film and theatre

Numerous prominent actors have portrayed Fagin.

In the 1922 film, Lon Chaney, Sr. played Fagin, while Alec Guinness performed the role in the 1948 film version directed by David Lean. His performance was so controversial that the film was banned in the U.S. for three years, on charges of being anti-Semitic.

Ron Moody's portrayal in the original London production of Oliver! and in the 1968 film is recognisably influenced by Guinness' portrayal, as was Academy Award winner Ben Kingsley's portrayal of Fagin in Roman Polanski's 2005 screen adaptation, although the supposedly "anti-semitic" quality of Guinness's portrayal was considerably toned down in the musical.

When Oliver! was brought to Broadway in 1964 Fagin was portrayed by Clive Revill, but in a 1984 revival, Moody reprised his performance opposite Tony Award winner Patti LuPone who played Nancy.

Fagin is made somewhat lovable in the musical, and completely innocent of Nancy's murder. He presumably evades the police at the end.

In the 1982 made-for-tv movie version, Fagin is portrayed by George C. Scott. Though the character is generally portrayed as elderly, diminutive and homely, Scott's version of the character was markedly younger, stronger, and better looking.

In the 1985 miniseries, Fagin is portrayed by Eric Porter.

In Disney's animated version, Oliver & Company (1988), Fagin is a poor but kind-hearted man who lives on a houseboat with his dogs, and is voiced by Dom DeLuise.

In 1994, Oliver was revived in London. Fagin was played by many noted British actors and comedians including Jonathan Pryce, George Layton, Jim Dale, Russ Abbot, Barry Humphries - who had played Mr Sowerberry in the original 1960 London production of Oliver! - and Robert Lindsay, who won an Olivier Award for his performance. Costumes are changed in the stage productions, for each different actor. Some suit different looks. This is seen clearly in the various coats that are used. Pryce used a patched red and brown coat, while Lindsay used the traditional dark green overcoat seen in the 1968 film version.

In Disney's 1997 live action television production, Fagin is played by Richard Dreyfuss.

In the 2003 film Twist (a film loosely based on Dickens' Oliver Twist) Fagin is played by actor Gary Farmer.

In the 2007 BBC television adaptation Fagin is played by Timothy Spall. Contrary to his appearance in the novel, he is beardless and overweight in this version. He is also a sweet and kindly character.

In December 2008, Oliver! was revived at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London with Rowan Atkinson playing the character. This role was taken over by Omid Djalili in July 2009.

Further reading

Howe, Irving (28 October 1997). Selected Writings, 1950-1990. Thomson Learning. ISBN 0156806363.

References

  1. ^ Ackroyd, Peter (3 September 1990). Dickens. Sinclair-Stevenson Ltd. pp. 77-78. ISBN 1856190005.
  2. ^ Sackville O'Donnell, Judith (2002). The First Fagin: the True Story of Ikey Solomon. Acland. ISBN 0958557624.
  3. ^ Montagu, Euan; Tobias, John J (28 March 1974). The Prince of Fences: Life and Crimes of Ikey Solomons. Vallentine Mitchell & Co Ltd. ISBN 0853031746.
  4. ^ Dickens, Charles (22 January 1982). Oliver Twist (A Bantam classic). Bantam USA. ISBN 0553210505.
  5. ^ a b c Lebrecht, Norman (29 September 2005). "How racist is Oliver Twist?". La Scena Musicale. http://www.scena.org/columns/lebrecht/050929-NL-twist.html. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
  6. ^ Howe, Irving. "Oliver Twist - introduction". http://books.google.com/books?id=R63Gk3ntfFkC&lpg=PR19&ots=P4wFGPAxxu&dq=charles%20dickens%20%22that%20class%20of%20criminal%20almost%20invariably%20was%20a%20Jew%22&pg=PR19#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
  7. ^ a b c Johnson, Edgar (1 January 1952). "4 - Intimations of Mortality". Charles Dickens His Tragedy And Triumph. Simon & Schuster Inc. http://dickens.ucsc.edu/OMF/johnson.html. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
  8. ^ Nunberg, Geoffrey (15 October 2001). The Way We Talk Now: Commentaries on Language and Culture. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 126. ISBN 0618116036.

External links


2009年11月24日 星期二

Dickens in Taiwan




The Dickens world

2008

段義孚Landscapes of fear, 人本主义地理学之我见

此書(FEAR)有四處見間接引CD
****

1961年8月 胡適談到香港"元培" 提到英國大文豪在19世紀寫工商部核定的學校之惡 他說看過林琴南百本以上 不知是否譯本之記憶



1993
CD 提到3處 Hard Times
近代西方思想史/ 史壯柏格(Roland N. Stromberg)著; 蔡伸章譯. Imprint
2006


今天獨到 CD 專家大力批評此書本著所謂 SIGNIFICANT FORM 想法批評 CD的 艱難時世 Hard Times 等 特地找出它來 2009

初讀《歷史小說



2006-02-17

【美】彼得·蓋伊著『歷史小說』劉森堯譯,北京大出版社出版, 2006,定價: 18.00

「狄更斯、福樓拜、湯瑪斯·曼是讀者熟悉現實主義小說但他們真是在"寫實"嗎?在歷史看來,真相遠非如此簡單。美國文化史彼得·蓋伊認為,這幾位 19 世紀偉大作都具有一種共同特性:對他們各自社會憤世嫉俗。狄更斯在作品中所展現與其說是個歷史,倒不如說是個宣傳,在他《荒涼屋》一書中,英國司法以及整體社會改革必要性被嚴重誇大了。在《包法利夫人》中,福樓拜憑藉其令人目眩神移獨特風格,施展了他對當時法國中產階級社會報復。至於湯瑪斯·曼,他在《布登勃洛克一》裡,為讀者勾勒出幾乎就是一幅諷刺漫畫:一個正在式微高傲中產階級文化。」

【談小說書由外文來翻譯就一定比較好嗎?以《歷史小說》為例。】

[ 原書名:SAVAGE REPRISALS : Bleak House, Madame Bovary, Buddenbrooks by Gay, Peter ]

台灣版:彼得‧蓋伊 / 歷史小說》( Savage Reprisals: Bleak House, Ma dame Bovary, Buddenbrooks 2002))劉森堯譯,台北:立緒, 2004

日本版: 小説から歴史へディケンズ、フロベール、トーマス・マン

金子 幸男【訳】,東京:岩波書店 (2004-09-28出版)

-------

台灣版和日本版都未將原書名: SAVAGE REPRISALS翻譯出來,也沒解釋原題目之意思 其實在第一、二、章之內文都舉出各作之「怒」之創作之「報復」意圖。介紹文中談到「細緻之報復」,可是不敢用,所以各取書名之別名。這方面,日本較老實,台灣版花招 ---如果硬要讓 Peter Gay說教,實際五」,因為「序曲」和「結語」都自成一「」。還有未翻譯參考資料來源和索引。

彼得‧蓋伊著作都值得一讀。不過劉森堯先生譯文雖然通順,有問題可能百處以上。(我是在 http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0393325091/002-7097857-0210450?

)讀和用字 search-inside--尤其「序曲」和「結語」問題可能特別多,因為它們牽涉到「歷史 - -……」等問。台北立緒出版社翻譯品質很不穩定,因人而異。

我舉些有問題之例子:篇章名翻譯就有問題。

日本沒問題:

1章 怒れるアナーキスト『荒涼館』におけるチャールズ・ディケンズ
2章 恐怖症に挑む解剖学者 『ボヴァリー夫人』におけるギュスターヴ・フロベール
3章 反抗な名門市民 『ブッデンブロークの人 』におけるトーマス・マン
台灣本副標題分別為:

狄更斯《荒涼屋》、福樓拜《包法利夫人》、湯馬斯曼布頓柏魯克世

用「」翻譯「 in」是錯誤,因為原文為Charles Dickens in Bleak House 等等。

雖然改成類似『巴金在巴黎』『狄更斯在《荒涼屋》』有點奇,但是習慣就好,因為大作們作品多,其時間之跨度長,投入每部作品「心」「力」都可能不同 ….

-----

翻譯為免加注結果弄成另外意思

「從柏拉圖時代以至十九世紀初瑞士教育改革者斐 …….時代」其中educators 漏掉,意思差多(p.13

"... the Victorians; it had been no news to the ancient Greeks and to educators in the centuries from Plato to Pestalozzi. A hundred years before Freud made a theory of it, Wordsworth had famously proclaimed that the Child is father of ..."

---

34頁:「這其中最精彩莫過於對於柯魯克突然暴斃描寫,這是一個畏瑣而卑鄙專收破爛小商人,有一天他突然倒斃在他那堆破爛當中,這個特別死亡方式未必能夠贏得讀者一掬同情之淚 ……」( . But none of these can rival the sudden exit of Krook, the coarse, mean- spirited owner of a wretched junkshop, who shuffles off his mortal coil by collapsing into dust. This particular death did not play on the reading public's love of a good cry but on its credulousness. Krook's end, Dickens expected his vast readership to believe, was."

我自己了英文: shuffles off his mortal coil 典出『哈姆雷特』,表示一命嗚呼。

對於將 coarse, mean- spirited owner of a wretched junkshop翻譯成「一個畏瑣而卑鄙專收破爛小商人」不滿意。 Junkshop日文解釋「(安物の)古物商」,不知道是否真為「破爛東西」,其修飾詞 wretched翻譯成什麼? Krook 是否真死在破爛中(這是原文沒)?
對於coarse mean-spirited 翻譯也不解?

「未必能夠贏得讀者一掬同情之淚」?

------

翻譯經常不理會原文句號,將數句聯成一句。

許多名詞完全直譯、不加注,可能讓讀者不知所云。譬如說,第 36heart of hold Newgate novel(「新門小說」)【案:我印象中這是監獄之所在】。

---

以下關於 paradigm shifts之句有數處錯:翻譯成「圖例變動理論曾被相對論者評為不適」( p.207

Even Thomas Kuhn, probably the twentieth century's most influential historian and philosopher of science, whose brave talk of paradigm shifts has been misappropriated by relativists, maintained that the external world is real, neither constructed nor invented.

其他哲術語如什麼「理想主義」(案:通常稱為「唯心觀」? p.205

----

They have nothing in common except their severity with the devotees of Clio. The first holds that novelists and poets reach higher-which is to say deeper-truths, truths that historians, pedestrian, document- ridden fact grubbers that they are, can never even approach.

翻譯:「這兩個方法除了一樣對史詩與歷史女神克萊歐特別熱衷之外,並無共同之處 ……….」【p.206

「史詩」不之來自何處?「特別熱衷」應為「特別熱衷者(們)」( devotees);原文 severities with (嚴厲待之)漏譯…….

----

漏譯: multiplep.210

The delightful stories a historian can tell, in Simon Schama's words, "dissolve the certainty of events into the multiple possibilities of alternative narrations." Such cheerfulness runs counter to the ..."

誤會:不知道為什麼 "Objectivity is not neutrality." 翻譯為「客關性並不等於公正性」( p.215

The American his- torian Thomas L. Haskell has put it trenchantly: "Objectivity is not neutrality." In fact, in the right hands, a certain way of look- ing ..."

翻譯成:「一般人會發生對於一場戰役錯誤觀念」( p.217

Fabrice erring about the battlefield of Waterloo in Stendhal's La Chartreuse de Parme unfolds a confusing, almost incomprehensible scene of battle, typical of most battles; but it is through Fabrice's consciousness that ..."





2009 《荒涼山莊》狄更斯鬼魅小說集 Dickens in Taiwan 2009
問楊博士 他說 台灣似乎無研究 CD 之名家


****

朱羲胄,《林琴南先生學行譜記四種》,臺北:世界書局,1965。

生平


林紓,《畏廬三集》,上海:商務印書館,1927。
林紓,《畏廬文集》,上海:商務印書館,1923。
林紓,《畏廬續集》,上海:商務印書館,1927。

林紓少孤家貧,自幼嗜書如命,五歲時在私塾旁聽,感動過私孰教師。自言“四十五以內,匪書不觀”,“雜收斷簡零篇用自磨治”,校閱古籍二千餘卷。林紓崇尚程朱理學,自言讀程朱二氏之書“篤嗜如飫粱肉”,但卻又能看清“宋儒嗜兩廡之冷肉,凝拘攣曲局其身,盡日作禮容,雖心中私念美女顏色,亦不敢少動”的虛偽。

林紓性情急躁,思想屬保守派,與當時新文化運動的領袖如陳獨秀胡適等 人意見相左。其實林紓並不反對白話,他還寫過白話詩,他只是反對盡廢古文。林紓稱胡適是“左右校長而出”的“秦二世”。不過胡適對林紓的成績仍有正面的評 價,《五十年來中國之文學》文中提到:“古文不曾做過長篇的小說,林紓居然用古文譯了一百多種長篇的小說。古文裡有很少滑稽的風味,林紓居然用古文譯了歐文狄更斯的作品。古文不長於寫情,林紓居然用古文譯了《茶花女》與《迦因小傳》等書。古文的應用,自司馬遷以來,從沒有這種大的成績。”

琴南不諳外語,不能讀外國原著,只能“玩索譯本,默印心中”,后來他与王壽昌魏易王慶驥王慶通等人合作,翻譯外國小說,曾筆述英、法、美、比、俄、挪威、瑞士、希腊、日本和西班牙等國的作品。林紓譯書的速度極快,他自己曾經形容“耳受手追,聲已筆止”,當然也有不少失誤,林紓自己也把責任推掉:“鄙人不審西文,但能筆達,即有訛錯,均出不知”(《西利亞郡主別傳·序》)。甚至把許多極好的劇本,譯成了小說,鄭振鐸曾指出:“如莎士比亞的劇本《亨利第四》、《雷差得紀》、《亨利第六》、《凱撒遺事》以及易卜生的《群鬼》(梅孽)都是被他譯得變成了另外一部書了。”林紓與魏易合作完成美國作家斯托夫人的《黑奴吁天錄》(1901年),他在書前的“例言”說:“是書開場、伏脈、接筍、結穴,處處均得古文家義法”。

林紓一生著譯甚豐,稿酬如潮,他的好友陳衍(石遺)戲稱他的書房是“造幣廠”。根據錢鍾書的觀察,在譯完《離恨天》(1913年)之前,林譯本十之七八都很出色,後期的譯筆逐漸退步,無甚趣味。

[编辑] 譯文賞析

大偉考伯菲而曰:余在此一部書中,是否為主人翁者,諸君但逐節下觀,當自得之。余欲自述余之生事,不能不溯源而筆諸吾書。余誕時在禮拜五夜半十二句 鐘,聞人言,鐘聲丁丁時,正吾開口作呱呱之聲。(Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show. To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o'clock at night. It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously.)

[编辑] 譯作一覽

  • 《巴黎茶花女遺事》,法國小仲馬,林紓、王壽昌合譯(1895)
  • 《吟邊燕語》,莎士比亞著,林紓、魏易合譯。(1903)
  • 伊索寓言》,希臘伊索(1903)
  • 《利俾瑟戰血餘腥記》林紓、曾宗鞏譯(1904)
  • 《黑奴籲天錄》,即《湯姆叔叔的小屋》,美國斯托夫人,林紓、魏易合譯(1905)
  • 迦因小傳》,英,亨利·萊特·哈葛德H·R·Haggard)(1905)
  • 《埃及金字塔剖屍記》,林紓、曾宗鞏合譯(1905)
  • 《英孝子火山報仇錄》,林紓、魏易合譯(1905)
  • 《鬼山狼俠傳》,林紓、曾宗鞏合譯(1905)
  • 《斐洲煙水愁城錄》,林紓、曾宗鞏合譯(1905)
  • 《玉雪留痕》,林紓、魏易合譯(1905)
  • 《埃斯蘭情俠傳》,林紓、魏易合譯(1905)
  • 《撒克遜劫後英雄略》(1905)
  • 《洪罕女郎傳》,林紓、魏易合譯(1906)
  • 《霧中人》,英國哈葛德,林紓、曾宗鞏合譯(1906)
  • 《蠻荒志異》,英國哈葛德著,林紓、曾宗鞏(1906)
  • 《橡湖仙影》,英國哈葛德著,林紓、魏易合譯(1906)
  • 《紅礁畫槳錄》,英國哈葛德著,林紓、魏易合譯(1906)
  • 《海外軒渠錄》,英國斯威夫特,林紓、魏易合譯(1906)
  • 《拊掌錄》,英國歐文,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《金風鐵雨錄》,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《滑稽外史》,英國狄更斯,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《劍底鴛鴦》,英國司各德,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《神樞鬼藏錄》,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《旅行述異》,英國歐文,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《大食故宮餘載》,英國歐文,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《空谷佳人》,英國博蘭克巴勒著,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《雙孝子喋血酬恩記》,英國大畏克司蒂穆雷著,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《孤星淚》,法國囂俄(雨果)著,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《旅行述異》,英國歐文,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《愛國二童子傳》,法國沛那,林紓、李世中合譯(1907)
  • 《花因》,林紓、魏易合譯(1907)
  • 《孝女耐兒傳》,英國狄更斯,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《賊史》,英國狄更斯,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《塊肉餘生錄》,英國狄更斯,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《塊肉餘生述後編》,英國狄更斯,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《新天方夜譚》,斯蒂文森(1908)
  • 《髯刺客傳》,柯南達利著,英國柯南達利,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《恨綺愁羅記》,柯南達利著,英國柯南達利,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《電影樓臺》,柯南達利著,英國柯南達利,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《蛇女士傳》,柯南達利著,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《西北亞郡主別傳》,馬支孟德著,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《荒唐言》,林紓、曾宗鞏合譯(1908)
  • 《大俠繁露傳》,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《鐘乳骷髏》,林紓、曾宗鞏合譯(1908)
  • 《不如歸》,日本德富健次郎著,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《黑太子南征錄》,英國柯南達利,林紓、魏易合譯(1909)
  • 《璣司刺虎記》,英國哈葛德著,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1909)
  • 《藕孔避兵錄》,英國斐立伯倭本翰著,林紓、魏易合譯(1909)
  • 《西奴林娜小史》,安東尼·霍普,林紓、魏易合譯(1909)
  • 《蘆花餘孽》,林紓、魏易合譯(1909)
  • 《慧星奪婿案》,林紓、魏易合譯(1909)
  • 歇洛克奇案開場》,英國柯南道爾
  • 《玉樓花劫》,法國大仲馬(1908)
  • 《凱撒遺事》,英國莎士比亞
  • 《鸇巢記》,瑞士威斯
  • 《鬼山狼俠傳》,英國哈葛德
  • 《洞冥記》,菲爾丁
  • 《梅孽》,挪威易卜生的
  • 《魯濱孫飄流記》(RobinSon Crusoe),英國笛福,林紓、曾宗鞏譯
  • 《利俾瑟戰血餘腥記》林紓、曾宗鞏譯
  • 《美洲童子萬里尋親記》,林紓、曾宗鞏合譯
  • 《天囚懺悔錄》,林紓、魏易合譯(1908)
  • 《脂粉議員》,林紓、魏易合譯(1909)
  • 《三千年豔屍記》,英國哈葛德著,林紓、曾宗鞏合譯(1910)
  • 《古鬼遺金記》,英國哈葛德著,林紓、陳家麟譯(1912)
  • 離恨天》,森彼得著,林紓、王慶驥合譯(1913)
  • 《哀吹錄》,法國巴魯薩(巴爾扎克)著,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1915)
  • 《薄辛郎》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1915)
  • 《鷹梯小豪傑》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1916)
  • 《織錦拒婚》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1916)
  • 《香鉤情眼》,林紓、王慶通合譯(1916)
  • 《奇女格露枝小傳》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1916)
  • 《橄欖山》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1916)
  • 《詩人解頤語》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1916)
  • 《社會聲影錄》,林紓、陳家麟(1917)
  • 《癡郎幻影》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1918)
  • 《現身說法》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1918)
  • 《恨樓情絲》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1919)
  • 《鐵匣頭顱》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1919)
  • 《賂史》,英國亞波倭得著,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1920)
  • 《顫巢記》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1920)
  • 《金梭神女再生緣》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1920)
  • 《歐戰春閨夢》(續編),林紓、陳家麟合譯(1920)
  • 《戎馬書生》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1920)
  • 《炸鬼記》,英國哈葛德著,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1921)
  • 《僵桃記》,林紓、毛文鐘合譯(1921)
  • 《馬妒》,林紓、毛文鐘合譯(1921)
  • 《雙雄義死錄》法國預勾(雨果),林紓、毛文鐘合譯(1921)
  • 《情海疑波》,林紓、林凱合譯(1921)
  • 《魔俠傳》,即《唐吉訶德》,林紓、陳家麟合譯(1922)
  • 《矐目英雄》,林紓、毛文鐘合譯(1922)
  • 《情翳》,林紓、毛文鐘合譯(1922)
  • 《情天補恨錄》,林紓、毛文鐘合譯(1924)


2009年3月我在英文人行道

filial affection, credulity, credulous

A haiku by Ochi Etsujin in the early Edo Period (1603-1867), a disciple of the poet Matsuo Basho (1644-1694), reads: "Getting older/ I hide my graying hair/ From my parents." If parents notice that their children's hair is getting gray, it must make them feel disheartened. That is why the poet felt the need to hide it. I regarded the haiku as a sincere expression of filial affection, or am I wrong?


Television Review

Little Dorrit

Little Dorrit
Mike Hogan/BBC

This adaptation of "Little Dorrit," the Dickens novel, begins on most PBS stations on Sunday. Above, Claire Foy in the title role, threatened by Rigaud, played by Andy Serkis.

March 28, 2009

Dickens and the Business Cycle: The Victorian Way of Debt


Published: March 28, 2009

The fund promised high and unwavering annual returns, but you had to know someone to get in on it. And that was really all it took to attract credulous investors, that and the sterling reputation of the banker behind it, a financier revered in privileged circles as “the Man of the Age.”

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Mike Hogan/BBC

Tom Courtenay stars as William Dorrit.

Mike Hogan/BBC

The Dorrit sisters: Claire Foy, left, as Amy, and Emma Pierson as Fanny.

Nick Briggs/BBC

Eddie Marsan, left, as Pancks, and Matthew Macfadyen as Arthur Clennam in an adaptation of Dickens’s “Little Dorrit.”

“I’ve looked into it,” is how one investor reassured a friend who wondered what would happen if the fund should fail. “Name up everywhere, immense resources, high connections, government influence — can’t be done.”

It’s not Bernard L. Madoff’s fund, it’s the one created — and wrecked — by Mr. Merdle, the legendary London banker who brings masses of wealthy, well-meaning people to ruin in Charles Dickens’s classic “Little Dorrit.” And that uncanny parallel is one of many reasons that this adaptation by Andrew Davies, which begins on PBS this Sunday, is so timely.

Mr. Davies, whose interpretations of the classics include the 1995 BBC version of “Pride and Prejudice,” as well as “Middlemarch” and “Vanity Fair,” has become the Cecil B. DeMille of the A.P. English canon. Here he flushes out the similarities between The City of Victorian London and 21st-century Wall Street without losing sight of the larger vision of Dickens’s story.

“Little Dorrit” is particularly apt and enjoyable at this moment in history because the story focuses intently on something deeper and more universal than real estate bubbles or bank runs: unfairness.

And there are so many variations on injustice in the tale. Matthew Macfadyen, who starred in “MI-5” and the film version of “Pride and Prejudice,” plays Arthur Clennam, a fair-minded businessman who returns to England after decades in China and finds himself stymied by the Office of Circumlocution, a suffocating, impenetrable government agency.

William Dorrit, played magnificently by Tom Courtenay, is the title heroine’s father, a man of pride and breeding who has spent more than 20 years in the infamous Marshalsea debtors’ prison for unpaid bills he cannot remember, let alone ever repay, while wealthier, better-connected cheats and fat cats elude creditors in government sinecures, private clubs and villas overseas — too fat to fail.

Rent collectors stalk working-class families crammed into a crumbling neighborhood named Bleeding Heart Yard. As soon as they can pay up, the landlord ruthlessly raises the rates.

And there are inequities of feeling as well as of station, like the myopia and self-absorption of a self-deluding father like Mr. Dorrit, who exploits the kindness and filial piety of his youngest daughter, Amy (Claire Foy), who was born in the Marshalsea. Tiny, tender-hearted and taking care of her relatives with what Dickens described as a “pitiful and plaintive look,” Amy is known as Little Dorrit, beloved by the good and the brave and mistreated by almost everyone else.

Dickens heroines are rarely spirited or saucy; his world was not populated by the likes of Jane Eyre or Elizabeth Bennett. Mostly, they are closer to the mold of the meek, self-sacrificing girl in “The Old Curiosity Shop,” who drove Oscar Wilde to joke, “One must have a heart of stone to read the death of little Nell without laughing.”

Little Dorrit is boringly good, and that highlights the deliciously bad characters around her. The story’s main villain, the French thief and murderer Rigaud (Andy Serkis), is the exception, Gothic and one-dimensional. “Little Dorrit” is as rich at the margins as at the center with strange, and strangely believable, characters from almost all levels of society, rendered in quick, firm strokes.

Pancks (Eddie Marsan), an unsavory debt collector, is especially well drawn. He seems at first like a heartless and decidedly repulsive specimen, but beneath his coarse speech and strange facial tics, Pancks reveals a good heart and a sharp nose for unraveling secrets; he forms an unlikely alliance with the genteel Clennam to revive the Dorrit family fortunes.

Mrs. Merdle (Amanda Redman) is a great beauty and social tyrant who bullies her banker husband while trying to prevent her idiot son, Edmund (Sebastian Armesto), from marrying Amy’s older sister, Fanny (Emma Pierson).

Fanny, a dancer, is as callous and greedily ambitious as Thackeray’s Becky Sharp, but she feels genuine love for her little sister, though she takes advantage of her kindness and belittles her naïveté.

Even the Marshalsea has its pecking order and social intrigues, and the relationships between jailers and prisoners are as delicate and complex as those in the wealthiest bankers’ drawing rooms. Mr. Chivery (Ron Cook), the turnkey, has kept a watchful eye on the prison for decades, treating Dorrit, despite all his airs and delusions, with courtesy and also calculation.

Mr. Chivery is determined to keep his son John (Russell Tovey) in the family business, and that means helping the young man woo Little Dorrit. John and his father have the power to punish and even coerce their prisoners, but both display unexpected moments of nobility that few other characters can match.

Mr. Davies is well known for giving minor characters their humorous due; he is even better known for spicing up the most strait-laced classics with hints of sex and carnal yearning.

“Little Dorrit” is no exception, adding a hint of lesbian attraction to the opaque friendship between Miss Wade (Maxine Peake) and Tattycorum (Freema Agyeman), a girl adopted and perhaps exploited by the otherwise kindly Meagles family. In the novel Tattycorum is a dark-haired orphan, a status that in Victorian times was likely to condemn her to be treated more as a servant than as a companion. In the television version she is black.

Both Ms. Foy, as Amy, and Mr. Macfadyen, as Clennam, are persuasive and touching. But William Dorrit is at the core of this tale, and Mr. Courtenay does the role full justice, layering the pathos of the elderly debtor with rich swaths of self-pity and vanity.

Mr. Merdle’s fund is too good to be true, but “Little Dorrit” lives up to Dickens’s every word.

LITTLE DORRIT

On most PBS stations on Sunday nights through April 26 (check local listings).

Adapted for television by Andrew Davies; Dearbhla Walsh, Adam Smith and Diarmuid Lawrence, directors; Lisa Osborne, producer; Anne Pivcevic for BBC and Rebecca Eaton for WGBH, executive producers.

WITH: Claire Foy (Amy Dorrit), Matthew Macfadyen (Arthur Clennam), Tom Courtenay (William Dorrit), Andy Serkis (Rigaud), Emma Pierson (Fanny Dorrit), Eddie Marsan (Pancks), Russell Tovey (John Chivery), Judy Parfitt (Mrs. Clennam), Freema Agyeman (Tattycorum), Sebastian Armesto (Edmund Sparkler), Ron Cook (Mr. Chivery), Anton Lesser (Mr. Merdle), Amanda Redman (Mrs. Merdle) and Maxine Peake (Miss Wade).